Red ear syndrome: a case series and review of the literature.
Red Ear Syndrome is a burning sensation and erythema of the ear, associated with a various number of disorders including migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, autoimmune disorders etc. Theories for RES pathophysiology have developed from current understandings of comorbid conditions. Characterizing the underlying mechanism of RES is crucial for defining effective treatments. Three caucasian patients, ages 15, 47, and 67 years, with migraine, one with erythromelalgia are reported in this manuscript. RES pathophysiology is not fully understood due to its variable clinical presentation and numerous comorbid conditions, making it difficult to identify effective treatments. RES seems to be largely treatment-resistant, and most options involve treating the associated disorders and minimizing pain. Further investigation of future cases should lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the fundamental cause of RES and, hopefully, successful treatments.